Leaching of Nano-Additives as a Method for Life-Cycle Suitability: A Study on 3D-Printed Nanocomposites for Wearables Applications

This study aims to develop a comprehensive process evaluate the leaching behavior of 3D-printed nanocomposite samples as candidate materials for potential use in wearable devices. The involves immersion test coupons, produced via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), into artificial sweat and deionized water controlled environment provided by dissolution apparatus. Three distinct filaments were used, each consisting different polymer matrices: thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), copolyester (TX1501), polyamide (PA12). additives incorporated within these encompassed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), chopped carbon fibers (CCFs), super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIONs), respectively. current identify risks associated with release nanomaterials additives, through SEM/EDX analysis vitro measurements proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this research contributes advancement safe reliable technologies, fostering their widespread adoption various applications.